Vietnam has experienced an unprecedented decline in birth rates, with the total fertility rate dropping to 1.91 children per woman. This marks the third year in succession where rates have fallen below replacement levels.
The downward trajectory is expected to persist in the coming years. The health ministry’s website, citing deputy minister of health Nguyen Thi Lien Huong, indicates that insufficient resources from central and local governments contribute to this demographic challenge.
Following patterns seen across Asia, Vietnam faces growing concerns about declining births and an ageing population. The government has implemented various initiatives, including dating programmes and promotional materials, to encourage young people to have more children, as economic factors influence decisions towards smaller families.
The consequences of sustained low birth rates include potential workforce shortages, demographic ageing, and pressure on social services. According to the United Nations Population Fund, Vietnam’s population is ageing rapidly. The proportion of people aged 60 and above was 11.9 per cent in 2019, projected to exceed 25 per cent by 2050.
A proposed Population Law includes provisions to increase fertility rates, offering support for employees with young children. The legislation also considers removing penalties for families with three or more children.
The National assembly is scheduled to discuss this draft law during its 10th session in early 2025, with voting planned for the subsequent year.
