Fatty liver disease, once considered a condition affecting primarily adults, is now emerging among children as well. Fatty liver disease in children is primarily Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Here fatty infiltration of liver exceeds 5-10% by weight of liver.
Overweight and obesity are the major causes. About 17-40% of children are obese in India in 8-20 years of age group. Faulty lifestyles like excessive consumption of junk food which promote fat accumulation in the liver, less physical exercise, insulin resistance, no outdoor physical activities are few other causes. Additionally, children are consuming fewer fruits, vegetables, and fiber-rich foods, which are essential for liver health.
Unbalanced energy intake and genetic predisposition are other factors.
Above all mentioned factors are responsible for fat build-up in liver. Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is form of NAFLD in which child develops inflammation of liver and liver damage in addition to fat in the liver.
Child may develop obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular issues, leading to NAFLD & NASH. These children may also suffer with poor quality of life due to fatigue, abdominal discomfort and social stigma associated with obesity.
Parents & school teachers and care takers are advised to encourage a healthy diet by preparing home-cooked meals rich in vegetables, whole grains and proteins, in limited portion. Reducing the intake of sugary food and beverages in also important. They should also help children in maintaining healthy weight. Simple activities like family walk, cycling or sports will make a significant difference.
Children should limit their screen time on TV and mobile phones and spend more time in outdoor games.
Dr Sanjay Majumdar, Consultant Paediatrician, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Vadodara
